Feeding and management of heat stress in livestock: Knowledge, perceptions and attitude of livestock keepers in District Okara, Punjab, Pakistan

Abstract

The objective of this study was to evaluate the knowledge, perceptions and attitude (KAP) of livestock owners and keepers towards feeding and management of heat stress in animals. A total of 72 livestock owners and keepers were interviewed through open ended survey questionnaire in district Okara, Punjab, Pakistan. Snow ball sampling technique was adopted to select livestock owners and keepers. All of the participants in the study think the animals can suffer heat stress. Majority of the respondents identify heat stressed animal from rapid breathing. Majority of respondents have poor knowledge regarding emergency relief to heat stressed animal; they believe drinking water should never be offered promptly. Regarding giving bath to a heat stressed animal; majority of respondents in all categories do not agree. Majority respondents believe green fodder should be fed during hot hours whereas concentrate mix ration (CFM) should be fed during cooler hours of a day in summer. Majority of the respondents are unaware of the fact that animals should be given 24 hours fresh water availability rather they offer up to 3-4 times a day. The status of respondents KAP on feeding and management of heat stress in livestock is poor. Respondents were unaware of the importance of prompt cooling of heat stressed animals through fresh drinking water and bathing instead they offer local remedies that are harmful to overall health and welfare of animals. Majority of the respondents perceive green fodder as cool whereas CFM as hot source of energy.